What is the difference between a rod and a rodless actuator?

A rod actuator pushes and pulls a sealed thrust rod in and out of a tube, much like a cylinder, and suits pressing, clamping and lifting where the load is guided elsewhere. A rodless actuator moves a carriage along the body, so the stroke sits inside its own length and the carriage can carry the load directly. Rodless units suit long transfer axes; rod units seal better and handle higher thrust.

When should I choose a roller screw instead of a ball screw?

Choose a planetary roller screw when you need high thrust, long life under heavy load, shock loading or continuous duty in a compact body. Rollers give more contact points than balls in the same diameter. In one published Exlar example the roller screw's expected life was about 15 times the ball screw's under the same load. Ball screws remain cheaper and are fine for moderate loads.

Can an electric actuator replace a hydraulic cylinder?

Often, yes, up to forces in the hundreds of kilonewtons with roller-screw designs. Size from the force the machine actually needs, not the cylinder bore and system pressure, because hydraulic cylinders are frequently oversized. Measure the working force with a load cell or by reducing pressure until the cylinder just completes the job, then check life against the full force profile over the stroke.

Do electric linear actuators hold position without power?

It depends on the screw. Ball and roller screws are efficient enough to back-drive, so a vertical or spring-loaded axis needs a brake or a self-locking element. Lead (Acme) screws with efficiency below about 50% generally will not back-drive, which is why simple DC actuators often hold their load when stopped. Treat self-locking as a convenience, not a safety function, and fit a brake where a falling load is a hazard.

What duty cycle can an electric actuator run?

Screw-type servo actuators on ball or roller screws can run continuously if the motor and screw are sized for the RMS load. Simple DC actuators are often rated lower: Thomson rates most Electrak HD models at 25% duty at full load and 25 °C. Lead screws with plastic or bronze nuts are typically limited to between 10% and 50% duty at rated load, so check the datasheet figure and its conditions.

What is IP69K and do I need it?

IP69K is a protection rating for high-pressure, high-temperature water jets, used on equipment cleaned by washdown in food, beverage and pharmaceutical plants. If the actuator sits in a splash or washdown zone, look for IP69K together with hygienic design: stainless construction, no crevices, food-grade seals and lubricants. IP65 or IP67 is usually enough for general factory or outdoor use without high-pressure cleaning.

Linear actuators

Electric rod and rodless actuators that turn rotary motor motion into controlled linear force and position. Tell us the application and we'll specify the right product, and the parts around it, for your machine.

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Specify Motion technical library · Updated 29 October 2026 · How we prepare our content

In short:An electric linear actuator turns motor rotation into controlled straight-line force and position, usually through a ball, roller or lead screw, or a belt. Choose the type from force, stroke, speed and environment, then size it on the real force profile and the required life, not on peak force alone.

What an electric linear actuator does

An electric linear actuator converts the rotation of a motor into straight-line motion with controlled force, speed and position. In most industrial units a screw does the conversion: the motor turns a ball, roller or lead screw, and a nut drives a thrust rod or a carriage. Belt-driven units swap the screw for a toothed belt to get long strokes at high speed.

They replace pneumatic cylinders where you need more than two end positions, and hydraulic cylinders where you want to get rid of pumps, valves, hoses and leaks. On an OEM machine the choice usually comes down to four things: the force profile, the stroke and speed, how many hours or kilometres it must last, and the environment it lives in.

Types of linear actuator compared

Type	Typical drive	Strengths	Watch out for
Electric rod (screw)	Ball or lead screw, inline or parallel motor	Sealed, cylinder-like, good thrust, easy pneumatic swap	Needs external guidance for side loads
Roller screw rod	Planetary roller screw	Highest thrust density, long life under heavy or shock load	Higher purchase cost
Rodless screw	Ball screw, carriage on integral guide	Carries load on the carriage, stiff, precise	Screw whip limits speed on long strokes
Rodless belt	Steel-reinforced toothed belt	Long strokes, high speed	Lower stiffness and thrust than screws
Integrated-motor	Servo motor built around the screw	Short, no coupling or belt, fewer parts	Motor heat goes into the actuator body
Hygienic stainless	Stainless rod or integrated actuator	Washdown, food-grade materials, IP69K options	Cost; check heat dissipation in sealed bodies
Linear stepper	Hybrid stepper with lead screw	Compact, simple open-loop positioning at low force	Limited speed and duty; no position feedback unless added

Rod actuators

Rod actuators look and mount like cylinders, so they are the usual route for replacing pneumatics. Examples include Tolomatic ERD, a stainless-tube unit aimed at cylinder replacement, and the general-purpose Tolomatic RSA-ST. For mobile and outdoor equipment on 12, 24 or 48 VDC, self-contained units such as the Thomson Electrak HD carry their control electronics onboard.

Roller screw and high-force actuators

A planetary roller screw spreads load over many threaded rollers rather than balls, so it carries more force and lasts longer in the same diameter. An Exlar engineering article gives an example where the roller screw’s expected life was about 15 times that of a comparable ball screw (Design World). Series such as Tolomatic RSX and Exlar FTX are built for press-fit, forming and hydraulic replacement duties. See ball screw vs roller screw for the full comparison.

Rodless screw and belt actuators

Rodless units guide and carry the load on their own carriage. Screw versions such as Tolomatic MXE or Thomson WM give stiffness and precision. Belt versions such as Tolomatic B3W or Thomson WH cover long, fast transfer strokes where a long screw would whip.

Integrated-motor and hygienic actuators

Putting the servo motor around the screw removes the coupling, belt and separate motor housing, so the axis gets shorter. Exlar GTX combines a servo motor with an inverted roller screw in 60, 80 and 100 mm frames. For washdown areas, look at hygienic stainless designs such as Tolomatic IMA-S, Tolomatic RSH or Exlar GTF.

Linear steppers

A hybrid stepper with a built-in lead screw is the simplest way to get short, precise strokes in lab, medical and instrument equipment. Captive types such as the DINGS’ captive linear stepper include anti-rotation, so they work like a miniature electric cylinder.

Replacing hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders

Hydraulic force is pressure times area. A 63 mm bore at 100 bar produces about 31 kN (π × 31.5² mm² × 10 N/mm²). That figure is the cylinder’s capacity, not the job’s requirement. Tolomatic notes that hydraulic cylinders are often oversized, sometimes by two to three times, and suggests three ways to find the real force: meter the pressure down until the cylinder only just does the work, fit a load cell, or test with a prototype servo actuator and work back from current (Tolomatic).

The same paper warns that the reduced-pressure method only finds peak force. If you assume that peak acts over the whole stroke, you will oversize the actuator or underestimate its life. Map force against position, and record speed and dwell for each move. Our hydraulic to electric actuator guide goes through it step by step.

For pneumatics the problem is usually the reverse: the cylinder runs at whatever force the regulator gives, so measure what the process needs and add margin for friction and acceleration.

How to size a linear actuator

1. Force

Total thrust = process force + friction + gravity component (m·g·sin θ) + acceleration force (m·a). Work it out for every segment of the move, including dwell under load.

2. Motor torque from thrust

For a screw: T = F × L / (2π × η), where L is the lead in metres and η the screw efficiency. Ball screws are typically better than 90% efficient; lead screws range from about 20% to 80% depending on helix angle and nut material (Thomson).

Worked example: 5,000 N on a 10 mm lead ball screw at 90% efficiency needs 5,000 × 0.010 / (2π × 0.9) ≈ 8.8 Nm at the screw, before bearing and seal losses.

3. Speed

Screw speed (rev/s) = linear speed / lead. At 250 mm/s on a 10 mm lead, the screw turns at 25 rev/s, or 1,500 rpm. Check this against the screw’s critical speed for the unsupported length; longer strokes allow lower maximum speeds. A coarser lead raises speed but needs more torque for the same force.

4. Duty and RMS load

Motor and screw heating follow the RMS (root mean square) force over the cycle, not the peak. A press that peaks at 30 kN for 0.5 s in a 10 s cycle has a much lower RMS force than one that holds 30 kN. Use the RMS figure for motor and thermal checks and the peak for the structural check.

5. Life

Ball screw life follows the bearing-style rule L10 = (C / Fm)³ × 10⁶ revolutions, where C is the dynamic load rating and Fm the cubic-mean axial load. Multiply by the lead to get travel. With C = 20 kN and Fm = 4 kN, L10 = 125 million revolutions; on a 10 mm lead that is about 1,250 km. THK applies a load factor of 1.0 to 3.5 depending on vibration, shock and speed (THK), so a shock-loaded axis can lose most of its calculated life. Life falls with the cube of load, so a modest increase in load has a large effect.

6. Side load and guidance

Rod actuators are designed for axial load. Any side load, moment or misalignment shortens screw and bearing life. Use a guided version such as Tolomatic GSA or external guides, or switch to a rodless unit that carries the load on its carriage.

7. Environment

Specify the IP rating, temperature range, washdown chemicals and any ATEX zone. Hygienic applications need more than a high IP code: they also need crevice-free surfaces and food-grade lubricant.

Common mistakes

Sizing from hydraulic system pressure. It usually leads to an actuator two or three times larger than needed.
Ignoring back-driving. Ball and roller screws can back-drive. Vertical axes need a brake.
Using peak force for life. Use the force profile and the cubic-mean load.
Forgetting critical speed. Long strokes at high speed need a coarser lead, a larger screw, or a belt.
Side-loading a rod. Any side load should be carried by a guide, not by the rod.
Mismatching duty. Low-cost DC actuators often have duty limits of 15–25%; check the datasheet conditions.

What to send an engineer for a quote

Force profile: peak, continuous and holding force, and direction (push, pull or both)
Stroke, move distances, speeds or move times, dwell times and cycles per hour
Orientation and moving mass, plus any side loads or moments
Required life in cycles, kilometres or years at a stated duty
Accuracy and repeatability needed
Supply voltage, motor preference and control interface (fieldbus, I/O, analogue)
Environment: IP rating, temperature, washdown, hazardous area
Envelope limits, mounting style, and any existing cylinder you are replacing (bore, pressure, mounts)

For a structured walk-through, see how to size a linear actuator, or add the details to the spec builder below and our specialist engineering and supply partners will propose a suitable unit.

Guides

Ball screw vs roller screw How electric linear actuators work How to select a linear actuator How to select a linear motor How to select a linear stage How to select a voice coil or piezo motor How to size a linear actuator Replacing hydraulic cylinders with electric actuators Hygienic washdown actuators and IP69K Rodless actuators: belt drive vs ball screw

Where linear actuators are used

Agriculture and agritech Armoured vehicle systems Automotive and EV manufacturing AGVs, AMRs and intralogistics Aerospace and aviation Drones and UAVs

What we need to know to specify linear actuators

These are the questions an applications engineer works through first. Approximate answers are fine: ranges narrow the options quickly, and we confirm the details with you.

Force: Under 500 N, 0.5–5 kN, 5–25 kN, 25–100 kN, Over 100 kN
Stroke: Under 100 mm, 100–300 mm, 300–1,000 mm, Over 1,000 mm
Speed: Under 50 mm/s, 50–250 mm/s, 250–1,000 mm/s, Over 1 m/s
Duty: Occasional, Up to 50%, Continuous
Replacing: New design, Hydraulic cylinder, Pneumatic cylinder

We also ask about the environment (washdown, outdoor, subsea, ATEX, vacuum, shock and EMC), annual quantities and timescale, because these decide whether a standard, modified or custom design is the best fit.

154 series compared

Series from 32 manufacturers, grouped by type. Figures are the highest published for each series. Open a series for the full specification and, for brands outside our supply network, the alternatives that meet or exceed it.

Rod actuator (25)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	ERD (incl. ERD-SS1 / ERD-SS2 stainless options)	2,224 N	610 mm	1,016 mm/s
Tolomatic	RSA-ST (standard thrust)	17,917 N	1,524 mm	3,124 mm/s
Tolomatic	GSA Guided Screw Actuator	4,226 N	914 mm	3,124 mm/s
Motion Control Products	SRB Linear Servo Actuator	49,033 N	1,000 mm	1,250 mm/s
Thomson	Electrak HD	16,000 N	1,000 mm	71 mm/s
Thomson	Electrak XD	25,000 N	1,200 mm	75 mm/s
Thomson	Electrak 10legacy	6,800 N	610 mm	61 mm/s
Thomson	Warner Linear B-Track K2	12,460 N	610 mm	73 mm/s
Thomson	PC Series precision linear actuators	6,000 N	1,200 mm	1,660 mm/s
Kollmorgen	EC Series electric cylinders (EC1-EC5)discontinued	25,000 N	1,500 mm	1,330 mm/s
Kollmorgen	N2 Series electric cylindersdiscontinued	—	—	—
Oriental Motor	EAC Series electric linear cylinders (AZ)	500 N	300 mm	—
LINAK	LA36	6,800 N	1,200 mm	160 mm/s
LINAK	LA37	15,000 N	600 mm	10 mm/s
LINAK	LA33	5,000 N	600 mm	70 mm/s
LINAK	LA25	2,500 N	600 mm	25 mm/s
LINAK	LA76	6,800 N	1,200 mm	142 mm/s
Ewellix	EMA-80	31,000 N	1,500 mm	160 mm/s
Ewellix	CAHB	10,000 N	700 mm	60 mm/s
Ewellix	CAR / CAT	4,000 N	700 mm	193 mm/s
Ewellix	CAHM	50,000 N	700 mm	74 mm/s
Festo	ESBF	17,000 N	1,500 mm	1,350 mm/s
SMC	LEY	12,000 N	1,000 mm	1,200 mm/s
THK	EC (Economy cylinder)	266 N	300 mm	450 mm/s
Parker Hannifin	ETH	114,000 N	2,000 mm	1,333 mm/s

Rodless screw actuator (22)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	B3S Screw-Drive Rodless	12,010 N	4,547 mm	1,524 mm/s
Tolomatic	BCS Rodless Screw (BCS/MCS)	11,700 N	3,048 mm	—
Tolomatic	MXE Screw-Drive Rodless (MXE-S / MXE-P)	19,127 N	3,411 mm	—
Motion Control Products	LE Ballscrew Linear Actuator (semi-sealed)	2,050 N	1,450 mm	1,600 mm/s
Motion Control Products	LEC Ballscrew Linear Actuator (fully sealed)	945 N	1,250 mm	1,250 mm/s
Motion Control Products	BLM Built-in Linear Module	—	1,250 mm	1,600 mm/s
Thomson	WM (POWERLINE) linear units	12,000 N	11,000 mm	2,500 mm/s
Festo	EGC-BS-KF	3,000 N	3,000 mm	2,000 mm/s
SMC	LEFS	—	1,200 mm	1,500 mm/s
SMC	LEJS	—	1,500 mm	1,800 mm/s
HIWIN	KK	—	1,511 mm	1,480 mm/s
THK	SKR	—	1,490 mm	3,000 mm/s
THK	KR	—	1,490 mm	1,480 mm/s
THK	GL	—	2,720 mm	—
igus	drylin SAW / SLW	—	750 mm	—
IAI	ROBO Cylinder RCP6	—	1,100 mm	1,440 mm/s
IAI	ROBO Cylinder RCS4	—	1,100 mm	2,200 mm/s
NSK	Monocarrier MCM/MCH	—	—	—
NSK	Toughcarrier TCH	—	—	—
Rollon	TH	—	4,175 mm	—
Rollon	TT	—	3,000 mm	—
SCHUNK	Beta universal linear axis	6,000 N	5,120 mm	1,250 mm/s

Rodless belt actuator (14)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	B3W Belt-Drive Rodless	1,446 N	14,579 mm	5,080 mm/s
Tolomatic	MXB Belt-Drive Rodless (MXB-U / MXB-S / MXB-P)	1,859 N	10,516 mm	5,080 mm/s
Motion Control Products	LB Belt-Drive Linear Actuator	—	3,050 mm	2,000 mm/s
Motion Control Products	LBC Belt-Drive Linear Actuator (cleanroom)	—	3,050 mm	2,000 mm/s
Thomson	WH (SPEEDLINE) linear units	5,000 N	11,000 mm	10,000 mm/s
Festo	EGC-TB-KF	2,500 N	8,500 mm	5,000 mm/s
SMC	LEJB	—	3,000 mm	3,000 mm/s
Parker Hannifin	HLR	900 N	3,500 mm	5,000 mm/s
Parker Hannifin	OSP-E	3,120 N	5,675 mm	5,000 mm/s
igus	drylin ZLW	—	3,000 mm	5,000 mm/s
Rollon	ELM Plus	—	—	—
Rollon	ROBOT Plus	—	—	—
Rollon	Uniline	—	—	7,000 mm/s
Rollon	SAB	—	—	15,000 mm/s

Compact actuator (12)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Motion Control Products	G-Series Leadscrew Linear Actuator	6,000 N	400 mm	—
Motion Control Products	GT44 Linear Actuator	6,000 N	400 mm	6 mm/s
Motion Control Products	GD Geared Linear Actuator	2,000 N	300 mm	40 mm/s
Motion Control Products	LA55Z High Speed Compact Linear Actuator	250 N	1,000 mm	150 mm/s
Thomson	Electrak MD	2,000 N	300 mm	52 mm/s
Thomson	Electrak 1 / Electrak 1SP	340 N	150 mm	75 mm/s
Thomson	Electrak 050 (E050)	510 N	200 mm	48 mm/s
Thomson	Max Jac	800 N	300 mm	60 mm/s
Thomson	WhisperTraklegacy	4,000 N	500 mm	11 mm/s
LINAK	LA14	750 N	130 mm	45 mm/s
THK	ES (Economy slider)	266 N	600 mm	600 mm/s
IAI	RCD micro cylinder	—	—	300 mm/s

Iron-core linear motor (11)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
Akribis Systems	AJM	1,409.1 N	446.8 N	5 m/s
Akribis Systems	AKM	12,884.3 N	6,190.1 N	5 m/s
Akribis Systems	AQM	1,243 N	506 N	5 m/s
Kollmorgen	IC / ICD Ironcore DDL	13,448 N	8,211 N	13.5 m/s
Yaskawa	SGLF / SGLFW2 iron-core linear	7,560 N	2,520 N	—
Yaskawa	SGLT / SGLTW twin-magnet linear	—	—	—
HIWIN	LMFA	20,827 N	7,917 N	7.4 m/s
Schaeffler	L1 linear motors (IDAM)	5,171 N	3,259 N	27 m/s
ETEL	LMS	4,170 N	1,030 N	—
Tecnotion	TL iron core linear motors	3,200 N	1,680 N	—
Tecnotion	TB iron core linear motors	4,000 N	1,900 N	—

Linear stage (11)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	TRS Twin Profile Rail Stage	12,590 N	2,200 mm	1,270 mm/s
Tolomatic	TKS Dual Profile Rail Bearing	14,501 N	2,438 mm	1,016 mm/s
Aerotech	PRO190LM direct-drive linear stage	—	600 mm	2,000 mm/s
Aerotech	ANT130XY two-axis nanopositioning stage	—	160 mm	350 mm/s
Aerotech	PRO165SL ball-screw linear stage	—	400 mm	—
HIWIN	LMSSA	2,048 N	2,700 mm	5,000 mm/s
SCHUNK	LDN linear motor axis	500 N	2,700 mm	4,000 mm/s
PI (Physik Instrumente)	H-850 hexapod	—	100 mm	8 mm/s
PI (Physik Instrumente)	H-811 miniature hexapod	—	—	—
PI (Physik Instrumente)	V-551 linear-motor stage	180 N	230 mm	500 mm/s
PI (Physik Instrumente)	L-417 high-load linear stage	—	813 mm	300 mm/s

Roller screw actuator (10)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	RSA-HT (high thrust)	58,000 N	1,524 mm	3,124 mm/s
Tolomatic	RSX Extreme Force	445,000 N	1,500 mm	760 mm/s
Tolomatic	SWA/B Resistance Spot Welding and GSWA	24,500 N	457 mm	610 mm/s
Exlar	FTX Series	177,900 N	1,200 mm	1,500 mm/s
Exlar	FTP Series (press actuator)	355,800 N	900 mm	401 mm/s
Exlar	KX Series	15,600 N	1,200 mm	833 mm/s
Exlar	FT Serieslegacy	177,900 N	1,219 mm	1,506 mm/s
Bosch Rexroth	EMC-HP electromechanical cylinder	250,000 N	1,500 mm	830 mm/s
Ewellix	EMA-100	80,000 N	2,000 mm	890 mm/s
Ewellix	SRSA / SVSA / SLSA	—	—	—

Integrated-motor actuator (10)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	IMA Integrated Motor Actuator	30,600 N	457 mm	1,334 mm/s
Exlar	GTX Series	30,784 N	450 mm	1,270 mm/s
Exlar	GTW Series (weld gun actuator)	30,784 N	300 mm	1,270 mm/s
Exlar	GSX Series	51,278 N	457 mm	1,016 mm/s
Exlar	Tritex II T2X (AC linear actuator)	24,020 N	457 mm	953 mm/s
Exlar	Tritex TTX Series	11,800 N	450 mm	847 mm/s
Exlar	Tritex TDX (Tritex II DC linear actuator)legacy	5,293 N	457 mm	847 mm/s
SEW-EURODRIVE	CMSB / CMS electric cylinders	24,000 N	1,200 mm	500 mm/s
IAI	ELECYLINDER	6,000 N	2,800 mm	—
SCHUNK	ELP compact linear axis	—	40 mm	—

Ironless linear motor (8)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
Akribis Systems	AUM	16,200 N	1,980 N	5 m/s
Akribis Systems	ACR	—	—	—
Akribis Systems	AWM	3,845.3 N	769.1 N	5 m/s
Kollmorgen	IL Ironless DDL	1,600 N	262 N	—
Schaeffler	ULIM ironless linear motors (IDAM)	1,932 N	669 N	24.2 m/s
ETEL	ILM+	3,150 N	464 N	—
Tecnotion	UM ironless linear motors	400 N	116 N	—
Tecnotion	UXX ironless linear motors	4,200 N	846 N	—

Linear stepper actuator (7)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
DINGS'	Captive Linear Stepper Actuator (Electric Cylinder)	2,400 N	63.5 mm	—
DINGS'	Non-captive Linear Stepper Actuator	2,400 N	—	—
DINGS'	External Linear Stepper Actuator	2,400 N	500 mm	—
DINGS'	Kaptive Linear Stepper Actuator	2,400 N	—	—
DINGS'	Stepper Ball Screw Linear Actuator	1,600 N	—	—
Thomson	MLA motorized lead screw actuator (stepper motor linear actuators)	—	—	—
Nanotec	L / LS stepper linear actuators	1,316.6 N	—	325.1 mm/s

Tubular linear motor (7)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
FAULHABER	LM linear DC-servomotors	—	9.2 N	3.4 m/s
LinMot	P01-23 (incl. P01-23 HP)	138 N	46 N	7.3 m/s
LinMot	P02-23 S (P02-23Sx80F-HP)	67.1 N	24 N	7.3 m/s
LinMot	P01-37 (incl. P01-37 S and HP)	308 N	96 N	6.7 m/s
LinMot	P01-48 (incl. P01-48 HP)	1,020 N	408 N	4.1 m/s
LinMot	P10-54	871 N	270 N	7.1 m/s
LinMot	P10-70	2,720 N	890 N	6.1 m/s

Piezo motor (5)

Brand	Series
Piezo Motion	RBS Rotary Piezo Motor
Piezo Motion	RAS Rotary Piezo Motor
PI (Physik Instrumente)	P-845 preloaded PICMA piezo actuators
PI (Physik Instrumente)	P-235 PICA Power preloaded piezo actuators
PI (Physik Instrumente)	PILine ultrasonic piezo motors and stages

Hygienic stainless actuator (4)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Tolomatic	RSH Hygienic Rod Actuator	35,330 N	1,219 mm	500 mm/s
Tolomatic	IMA-S / IMA-ST Stainless Integrated Actuator	11,120 N	457 mm	497 mm/s
Motion Control Products	LA Stainless Steel In-line Actuator (Maritime, LA35M X2)	2,300 N	400 mm	30 mm/s
Exlar	GTF Series	30,784 N	450 mm	1,270 mm/s

Voice coil motor (3)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
Akribis Systems	AVM Standard	340.3 N	95.6 N	—
Akribis Systems	AVM High-Force (AVM-HF)	4,715.2 N	1,111.4 N	—
Akribis Systems	AVA	79 N	26.32 N	—

Linear-rotary motor (2)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
LinMot	PR01 linear-rotary motors	1,024 N	255 N	3.9 m/s
LinMot	PR02 linear-rotary motors	572 N	220 N	3.9 m/s

Magnet-free linear motor (1)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
Motion Control Products	MMF4 / MMD Magnet-free Track Linear Motor Modules	1,124 N	456 N	—

Inline actuator (1)

Brand	Series	Force	Stroke	Speed
Motion Control Products	LA In-line Linear Actuators	6,000 N	1,000 mm	120 mm/s

Linear motors (1)

Brand	Series	Peak force	Continuous force	Speed
LinMot	MagSpring M01	—	60 N	—

Summarised from manufacturers' published data. Always confirm against the current datasheet; an engineer will check the fit before recommending anything.

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